With the rapid development of the Internet, we take public libraries and their users as the research object, aiming to explore the services that public libraries can provide and the role they can play in improving users' health literacy in the under the Internet environment. Taking the health literacy of Chinese public library users as the starting point, analyzing the challenges faced by public libraries in health information dissemination and improvement of users' health information literacy, and further discusses the cooperation between public libraries and health care institutions in public health services and users' health literacy education.