[Purpose] This study explores the composition principles of artistic symbols in the cultural relics unearthed from the Astana Ancient Tombs in Xinjiang, analyzes their theme types, narrative contents, expressive techniques and artistic characteristics, clarifies understandings, restores historical facts, and conducts an effective interpretation of these symbols in the context of art history. [Method] This study comprehensively applies the methods of historical document textual research and artistic image interpretation to systematically examine the cultural relics unearthed from the Astana Ancient Tombs, including murals, paper paintings, silk paintings, and arts and crafts. [Result] By condensing the artistic symbols, and focusing on theme selection, stylized composition, and brush and ink techniques, this study constructs an aesthetic paradigm featuring "elegant artistic conception", "vivid artistic vitality", "comprehensive spirit and complete meaning", and "nature as the paramount". This paradigm not only carries the aesthetic ideology formed by the integration of the Central Plains and the Western Regions, but also three-dimensionally presents the symbolic model that unifies the artistic and ideological nature of painting. [Conclusion] The research provides empirical evidence for reconstructing the pedigree of China's ancient multi-ethnic art history. Moreover, through the interpretation of the commonality of cultural symbols, it serves as a historical and aesthetic reference for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.