[Purpose] This study aims to explore the origins, functional evolution, and intrinsic connections between the prehistoric pottery masks from Beifudi and the painted pottery of the Banshan type with witchcraft culture. [Methods] Through literature review, comparative analysis of archaeological artifacts, interpretation of decorative patterns, and analysis of witchcraft rituals, the form, function, and cultural symbolism of the masks were examined. [Results] The Beifudi pottery masks represent the earliest physical evidence discovered to date, used in witchcraft activities such as rituals and epidemic exorcism, reflecting ancestor and totem worship. The painted pottery vessel lids of the Banshan type feature the first discovered depiction of a human wearing a mask, illustrating the practice of totemic facial markings and the concept of divine-human communication. [Conclusion] The pottery masks from Beifudi and Banshan together form a key developmental chain in the evolution of masks from the prehistoric to the Bronze Age, laying the foundation for later bronze masks and the witchcraft culture.